The majority of motherboard manufactures still only allow you to update your BIOS either from within Windows, from a USB stick within the BIOS itself, or from a floppy with DOS. The first option doesn’t work with a linux box for obvious reasons. While the second option is nice for updating one box, it quickly becomes a hassle when you have an entire rack you need to update. And the third option is antiquated by any meaning of the word… or is it? While the days of floppies are long gone, the reign of the floppy image is still going strong in the world of PXE boot.
The biggest limitation of a floppy image is easily its size. 1.44MB is almost useless in today’s world of terabyte hard drives. Since BIOS images take up about 1MB, that leaves room for not much else. Meaning no scripting, no fancy menus, just the flasher program and your BIOS image. One of the most common methods around this limitation is to offsite your BIOS images to a samba share and instead use the 1.44MBs of space for network utilities. While this does work fine, it brings back bad memories of networking in DOS that I’d rather not experience again. Instead, I’ll walk you through how to expand a floppy image to whatever size is comfy for you, and most importantly, keep it bootable.
Things you will need:
- A bootable floppy image (http://www.bootdisk.com/ has a bunch)
- dd
- mkfs.msdos
- hexdump, for verification purposes
- A PXELINUX PXE boot environment
1. Procure a bootable floppy image
Download your bootable floppy image and save it to a directory of your choosing. If your downloaded it from http://www.bootdisk.com/, chances are it’s saved as a Windows executable. Have no fear, just run unzip on it and it should extract the tasty image within:
david@bt:~$ wget http://www.dq.com.pl/pliki/boot%20disk/boot98c.exe --2011-08-06 16:52:31-- http://www.dq.com.pl/pliki/boot%20disk/boot98c.exe Resolving www.dq.com.pl... 85.128.137.63 Connecting to www.dq.com.pl|85.128.137.63|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 864362 (844K) [application/x-msdownload] Saving to: `boot98c.exe' 100%[======================================>] 864,362 529K/s in 1.6s 2011-08-06 16:52:33 (529 KB/s) - `boot98c.exe' saved [864362/864362] david@bt:~$ unzip boot98c.exe Archive: boot98c.exe warning [boot98c.exe]: 105508 extra bytes at beginning or within zipfile (attempting to process anyway) file #1: bad zipfile offset (local header sig): 211016 (attempting to re-compensate) inflating: boot98c.IMA david@bt:~$ ls boot98c.exe boot98c.IMA
2. Create a new floppy image with the size you want
Now that we have our donor bootable floppy image with its delicious boot code, we need to create an empty floppy image with the new size. First, figure out how much space you need. For this tutorial I’m going with 10MB. Convert that value to KB (you can do this from within bash by running “expr $((sizeinMB << 10))”), in my case that’s 10240. This is going to be the last argument we use in mkfs.msdos:
david@bt:~$ expr $((10 << 10)) 10240 david@bt:~$ mkfs.msdos -I -v -C test.img 10240 mkfs.msdos 3.0.3 (18 May 2009) test.img has 64 heads and 32 sectors per track, logical sector size is 512, using 0xf8 media descriptor, with 20480 sectors; file system has 2 16-bit FATs and 4 sectors per cluster. FAT size is 20 sectors, and provides 5101 clusters. Root directory contains 512 slots. Volume ID is df50ef01, no volume label. david@bt:~$ du -h test.img 52K test.img
You may notice that the file size is only 52K. This is normal. This command just created the filesystem’s metadata. You can still mount it and the OS will see it as 10MB of space. Take note of the sector size (512 in this example), amount of heads (64), and sectors per track (32). You will need these later to calculate the amount of cylinders.
3. Copy over boot information to new image
Let’s compare the boot sector from the bootable image to the one we just created:
david@bt:~$ hexdump -C -n 512 boot98c.IMA
00000000 eb 3c 90 2a 34 68 55 3c 49 48 43 00 02 01 01 00 |.<.*4hU<IHC.....|
00000010 02 e0 00 40 0b f0 09 00 12 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 |...@............|
00000020 40 0b 00 00 00 00 29 49 2d e1 18 42 4f 4f 54 39 |@.....)I-..BOOT9|
00000030 38 41 20 20 20 20 46 41 54 31 32 20 20 20 33 c9 |8A FAT12 3.|
00000040 8e d1 bc fc 7b 16 07 bd 78 00 c5 76 00 1e 56 16 |....{...x..v..V.|
00000050 55 bf 22 05 89 7e 00 89 4e 02 b1 0b fc f3 a4 06 |U."..~..N.......|
00000060 1f bd 00 7c c6 45 fe 0f 38 4e 24 7d 20 8b c1 99 |...|.E..8N$} ...|
00000070 e8 7e 01 83 eb 3a 66 a1 1c 7c 66 3b 07 8a 57 fc |.~...:f..|f;..W.|
00000080 75 06 80 ca 02 88 56 02 80 c3 10 73 ed 33 c9 fe |u.....V....s.3..|
00000090 06 d8 7d 8a 46 10 98 f7 66 16 03 46 1c 13 56 1e |..}.F...f..F..V.|
000000a0 03 46 0e 13 d1 8b 76 11 60 89 46 fc 89 56 fe b8 |.F....v.`.F..V..|
000000b0 20 00 f7 e6 8b 5e 0b 03 c3 48 f7 f3 01 46 fc 11 | ....^...H...F..|
000000c0 4e fe 61 bf 00 07 e8 28 01 72 3e 38 2d 74 17 60 |N.a....(.r>8-t.`|
000000d0 b1 0b be d8 7d f3 a6 61 74 3d 4e 74 09 83 c7 20 |....}..at=Nt... |
000000e0 3b fb 72 e7 eb dd fe 0e d8 7d 7b a7 be 7f 7d ac |;.r......}{...}.|
000000f0 98 03 f0 ac 98 40 74 0c 48 74 13 b4 0e bb 07 00 |.....@t.Ht......|
00000100 cd 10 eb ef be 82 7d eb e6 be 80 7d eb e1 cd 16 |......}....}....|
00000110 5e 1f 66 8f 04 cd 19 be 81 7d 8b 7d 1a 8d 45 fe |^.f......}.}..E.|
00000120 8a 4e 0d f7 e1 03 46 fc 13 56 fe b1 04 e8 c2 00 |.N....F..V......|
00000130 72 d7 ea 00 02 70 00 52 50 06 53 6a 01 6a 10 91 |r....p.RP.Sj.j..|
00000140 8b 46 18 a2 26 05 96 92 33 d2 f7 f6 91 f7 f6 42 |.F..&...3......B|
00000150 87 ca f7 76 1a 8a f2 8a e8 c0 cc 02 0a cc b8 01 |...v............|
00000160 02 80 7e 02 0e 75 04 b4 42 8b f4 8a 56 24 cd 13 |..~..u..B...V$..|
00000170 61 61 72 0a 40 75 01 42 03 5e 0b 49 75 77 c3 03 |aar.@u.B.^.Iuw..|
00000180 18 01 27 0d 0a 49 6e 76 61 6c 69 64 20 73 79 73 |..'..Invalid sys|
00000190 74 65 6d 20 64 69 73 6b ff 0d 0a 44 69 73 6b 20 |tem disk...Disk |
000001a0 49 2f 4f 20 65 72 72 6f 72 ff 0d 0a 52 65 70 6c |I/O error...Repl|
000001b0 61 63 65 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 73 6b 2c 20 61 6e |ace the disk, an|
000001c0 64 20 74 68 65 6e 20 70 72 65 73 73 20 61 6e 79 |d then press any|
000001d0 20 6b 65 79 0d 0a 00 00 49 4f 20 20 20 20 20 20 | key....IO |
000001e0 53 59 53 4d 53 44 4f 53 20 20 20 53 59 53 7f 01 |SYSMSDOS SYS..|
000001f0 00 41 bb 00 07 60 66 6a 00 e9 3b ff 00 00 55 aa |.A...`fj..;...U.|
00000200
david@bt:~$ hexdump -C -n 512 test.img
00000000 eb 3c 90 6d 6b 64 6f 73 66 73 00 00 02 04 01 00 |.<.mkdosfs......|
00000010 02 00 02 00 50 f8 14 00 20 00 40 00 00 00 00 00 |....P... .@.....|
00000020 00 00 00 00 00 00 29 01 ef 50 df 20 20 20 20 20 |......)..P. |
00000030 20 20 20 20 20 20 46 41 54 31 36 20 20 20 0e 1f | FAT16 ..|
00000040 be 5b 7c ac 22 c0 74 0b 56 b4 0e bb 07 00 cd 10 |.[|.".t.V.......|
00000050 5e eb f0 32 e4 cd 16 cd 19 eb fe 54 68 69 73 20 |^..2.......This |
00000060 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 61 20 62 6f 6f 74 61 62 6c |is not a bootabl|
00000070 65 20 64 69 73 6b 2e 20 20 50 6c 65 61 73 65 20 |e disk. Please |
00000080 69 6e 73 65 72 74 20 61 20 62 6f 6f 74 61 62 6c |insert a bootabl|
00000090 65 20 66 6c 6f 70 70 79 20 61 6e 64 0d 0a 70 72 |e floppy and..pr|
000000a0 65 73 73 20 61 6e 79 20 6b 65 79 20 74 6f 20 74 |ess any key to t|
000000b0 72 79 20 61 67 61 69 6e 20 2e 2e 2e 20 0d 0a 00 |ry again ... ...|
000000c0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
*
000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.|
00000200
For those who are interested, you can see what each offset means at Wikipedia.
As you can see, the disk we made is missing a bunch of information (the asterisk means bunches of zeros). We want to copy over all of the boot instructions, but we don’t want to overwrite the geometry information so we can retain our 10MB image. The jump instructions and the OEM data are located in the first 11 bytes (offset 00 to 0A in hexadecimal). We want to copy that from the bootable image to the new one. From offset 0B to offset 3E we have the geometry information, which we want to retain on the new image. From offset 3E to offset 200, we have the actual OS boot code. We obviously want to copy that over to the new image. To make all of these changes we bust out dd:
david@bt:~$ dd if=boot98c.IMA of=test.img bs=1 count=11 conv=notrunc 11+0 records in 11+0 records out 11 bytes (11 B) copied, 0.000163496 s, 67.3 kB/s david@bt:~$ dd if=boot98c.IMA of=test.img bs=1 skip=62 seek=62 conv=notrunc count=450 450+0 records in 450+0 records out 450 bytes (450 B) copied, 0.0491807 s, 9.1 kB/s
The reason we only counted to 450 is because 512-62=450. Now let’s compare the two boot sectors:
david@bt:~$ hexdump -C -n 512 boot98c.IMA
00000000 eb 3c 90 2a 34 68 55 3c 49 48 43 00 02 01 01 00 |.<.*4hU<IHC.....|
00000010 02 e0 00 40 0b f0 09 00 12 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 |...@............|
00000020 40 0b 00 00 00 00 29 49 2d e1 18 42 4f 4f 54 39 |@.....)I-..BOOT9|
00000030 38 41 20 20 20 20 46 41 54 31 32 20 20 20 33 c9 |8A FAT12 3.|
00000040 8e d1 bc fc 7b 16 07 bd 78 00 c5 76 00 1e 56 16 |....{...x..v..V.|
00000050 55 bf 22 05 89 7e 00 89 4e 02 b1 0b fc f3 a4 06 |U."..~..N.......|
00000060 1f bd 00 7c c6 45 fe 0f 38 4e 24 7d 20 8b c1 99 |...|.E..8N$} ...|
00000070 e8 7e 01 83 eb 3a 66 a1 1c 7c 66 3b 07 8a 57 fc |.~...:f..|f;..W.|
00000080 75 06 80 ca 02 88 56 02 80 c3 10 73 ed 33 c9 fe |u.....V....s.3..|
00000090 06 d8 7d 8a 46 10 98 f7 66 16 03 46 1c 13 56 1e |..}.F...f..F..V.|
000000a0 03 46 0e 13 d1 8b 76 11 60 89 46 fc 89 56 fe b8 |.F....v.`.F..V..|
000000b0 20 00 f7 e6 8b 5e 0b 03 c3 48 f7 f3 01 46 fc 11 | ....^...H...F..|
000000c0 4e fe 61 bf 00 07 e8 28 01 72 3e 38 2d 74 17 60 |N.a....(.r>8-t.`|
000000d0 b1 0b be d8 7d f3 a6 61 74 3d 4e 74 09 83 c7 20 |....}..at=Nt... |
000000e0 3b fb 72 e7 eb dd fe 0e d8 7d 7b a7 be 7f 7d ac |;.r......}{...}.|
000000f0 98 03 f0 ac 98 40 74 0c 48 74 13 b4 0e bb 07 00 |.....@t.Ht......|
00000100 cd 10 eb ef be 82 7d eb e6 be 80 7d eb e1 cd 16 |......}....}....|
00000110 5e 1f 66 8f 04 cd 19 be 81 7d 8b 7d 1a 8d 45 fe |^.f......}.}..E.|
00000120 8a 4e 0d f7 e1 03 46 fc 13 56 fe b1 04 e8 c2 00 |.N....F..V......|
00000130 72 d7 ea 00 02 70 00 52 50 06 53 6a 01 6a 10 91 |r....p.RP.Sj.j..|
00000140 8b 46 18 a2 26 05 96 92 33 d2 f7 f6 91 f7 f6 42 |.F..&...3......B|
00000150 87 ca f7 76 1a 8a f2 8a e8 c0 cc 02 0a cc b8 01 |...v............|
00000160 02 80 7e 02 0e 75 04 b4 42 8b f4 8a 56 24 cd 13 |..~..u..B...V$..|
00000170 61 61 72 0a 40 75 01 42 03 5e 0b 49 75 77 c3 03 |aar.@u.B.^.Iuw..|
00000180 18 01 27 0d 0a 49 6e 76 61 6c 69 64 20 73 79 73 |..'..Invalid sys|
00000190 74 65 6d 20 64 69 73 6b ff 0d 0a 44 69 73 6b 20 |tem disk...Disk |
000001a0 49 2f 4f 20 65 72 72 6f 72 ff 0d 0a 52 65 70 6c |I/O error...Repl|
000001b0 61 63 65 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 73 6b 2c 20 61 6e |ace the disk, an|
000001c0 64 20 74 68 65 6e 20 70 72 65 73 73 20 61 6e 79 |d then press any|
000001d0 20 6b 65 79 0d 0a 00 00 49 4f 20 20 20 20 20 20 | key....IO |
000001e0 53 59 53 4d 53 44 4f 53 20 20 20 53 59 53 7f 01 |SYSMSDOS SYS..|
000001f0 00 41 bb 00 07 60 66 6a 00 e9 3b ff 00 00 55 aa |.A...`fj..;...U.|
00000200
david@bt:~$ hexdump -C -n 512 test.img
00000000 eb 3c 90 2a 34 68 55 3c 49 48 43 00 02 04 01 00 |.<.*4hU<IHC.....|
00000010 02 00 02 00 50 f8 14 00 20 00 40 00 00 00 00 00 |....P... .@.....|
00000020 00 00 00 00 00 00 29 01 ef 50 df 20 20 20 20 20 |......)..P. |
00000030 20 20 20 20 20 20 46 41 54 31 36 20 20 20 33 c9 | FAT16 3.|
00000040 8e d1 bc fc 7b 16 07 bd 78 00 c5 76 00 1e 56 16 |....{...x..v..V.|
00000050 55 bf 22 05 89 7e 00 89 4e 02 b1 0b fc f3 a4 06 |U."..~..N.......|
00000060 1f bd 00 7c c6 45 fe 0f 38 4e 24 7d 20 8b c1 99 |...|.E..8N$} ...|
00000070 e8 7e 01 83 eb 3a 66 a1 1c 7c 66 3b 07 8a 57 fc |.~...:f..|f;..W.|
00000080 75 06 80 ca 02 88 56 02 80 c3 10 73 ed 33 c9 fe |u.....V....s.3..|
00000090 06 d8 7d 8a 46 10 98 f7 66 16 03 46 1c 13 56 1e |..}.F...f..F..V.|
000000a0 03 46 0e 13 d1 8b 76 11 60 89 46 fc 89 56 fe b8 |.F....v.`.F..V..|
000000b0 20 00 f7 e6 8b 5e 0b 03 c3 48 f7 f3 01 46 fc 11 | ....^...H...F..|
000000c0 4e fe 61 bf 00 07 e8 28 01 72 3e 38 2d 74 17 60 |N.a....(.r>8-t.`|
000000d0 b1 0b be d8 7d f3 a6 61 74 3d 4e 74 09 83 c7 20 |....}..at=Nt... |
000000e0 3b fb 72 e7 eb dd fe 0e d8 7d 7b a7 be 7f 7d ac |;.r......}{...}.|
000000f0 98 03 f0 ac 98 40 74 0c 48 74 13 b4 0e bb 07 00 |.....@t.Ht......|
00000100 cd 10 eb ef be 82 7d eb e6 be 80 7d eb e1 cd 16 |......}....}....|
00000110 5e 1f 66 8f 04 cd 19 be 81 7d 8b 7d 1a 8d 45 fe |^.f......}.}..E.|
00000120 8a 4e 0d f7 e1 03 46 fc 13 56 fe b1 04 e8 c2 00 |.N....F..V......|
00000130 72 d7 ea 00 02 70 00 52 50 06 53 6a 01 6a 10 91 |r....p.RP.Sj.j..|
00000140 8b 46 18 a2 26 05 96 92 33 d2 f7 f6 91 f7 f6 42 |.F..&...3......B|
00000150 87 ca f7 76 1a 8a f2 8a e8 c0 cc 02 0a cc b8 01 |...v............|
00000160 02 80 7e 02 0e 75 04 b4 42 8b f4 8a 56 24 cd 13 |..~..u..B...V$..|
00000170 61 61 72 0a 40 75 01 42 03 5e 0b 49 75 77 c3 03 |aar.@u.B.^.Iuw..|
00000180 18 01 27 0d 0a 49 6e 76 61 6c 69 64 20 73 79 73 |..'..Invalid sys|
00000190 74 65 6d 20 64 69 73 6b ff 0d 0a 44 69 73 6b 20 |tem disk...Disk |
000001a0 49 2f 4f 20 65 72 72 6f 72 ff 0d 0a 52 65 70 6c |I/O error...Repl|
000001b0 61 63 65 20 74 68 65 20 64 69 73 6b 2c 20 61 6e |ace the disk, an|
000001c0 64 20 74 68 65 6e 20 70 72 65 73 73 20 61 6e 79 |d then press any|
000001d0 20 6b 65 79 0d 0a 00 00 49 4f 20 20 20 20 20 20 | key....IO |
000001e0 53 59 53 4d 53 44 4f 53 20 20 20 53 59 53 7f 01 |SYSMSDOS SYS..|
000001f0 00 41 bb 00 07 60 66 6a 00 e9 3b ff 00 00 55 aa |.A...`fj..;...U.|
00000200
Much better.
4. Copy over OS files to new disk
Now that we have our shiny new bootable floppy, we can copying over the OS from the old floppy:
david@bt:~$ mktemp -d /tmp/old.XXXXXX /tmp/old.rvviBJ david@bt:~$ mktemp -d /tmp/new.XXXXXX /tmp/new.NFM4WP david@bt:~$ sudo mount -o loop test.img /tmp/new.NFM4WP/ david@bt:~$ sudo mount -o loop boot98c.IMA /tmp/old.rvviBJ/ david@bt:~$ sudo cp -r /tmp/old.rvviBJ/* /tmp/new.NFM4WP/ david@bt:~$ ls /tmp/new.NFM4WP/ attrib.exe chkdsk.exe edit.com label.exe scandisk.exe xcopy32.mod autoexec.bat command.com edit.hlp mem.exe scandisk.ini xcopy.exe cd1.sys config.sys fdisk.exe move.exe scanreg.exe cd2.sys deltree.exe format.com mscdex.exe smartdrv.exe cd3.sys diskcopy.com himem.sys msdos.sys sys.com cd4.sys drvspace.bin io.sys mtmcdai.sys xcopy32.exe david@bt:~$ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on * /dev/loop0 10M 1.4M 8.7M 14% /tmp/new.NFM4WP /dev/loop1 1.4M 1.3M 97K 94% /tmp/old.rvviBJ david@bt:~$ sudo umount /tmp/new.NFM4WP/ david@bt:~$ sudo umount /tmp/old.rvviBJ/
5. Final configurations for PXELINUX
Remember how I told you to jot down the sector size, number of heads, and sectors per track? Good, because we need it now. To ensure that PXELINUX is aware of the geometry, we need to provide it with the number of sectors per track, amount of heads, and the amount of cylinders the image has. To calculate the amount of cylinders we use the following equation:
Cylinders = TotalNumberOfSectors / NumberOfHeads / NumberOfSectorsPerTrack
Since the sector size is 512, we can take the filesystem size in KB from earlier and just double it for the total of 20480 sectors. We then divide that by 64 heads, then divide that by 32 sectors. Our number of cylinders should come out to 10. In your pxelinux config file you’ll want to put this information in like this:
label flash_bios
kernel memdisk
append initrd=test.img floppy c=10 s=32 h=64
And there you go, a 10MB bootable floppy image. Hooray!
There’s a neat script that can do all that we did in this article, available here. Have fun and happy hacking!
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First! 😛
cool, thanks
Thanks! Tried to follow this but adapt it to create a 16MB bootable floppy image. My source disk was an existing bootable 8MB floppy img file I use for BIOS flashing. I have a bios file that by itself is 8MB, so it won’t fit on this disk. I created a 16MB test image no problem. I was able to mount it after using dd to copy the jump instructions and boot code exactly as you specified. I did not make any adjustments to the dd commands to account for different geometry because it was not clear to me whether that was necessary or appropriate. I can mount and view the files on the floppy, but the image is not bootable – it tries to boot but hangs with lots of hex data shown on the screen, and it behaves exactly the same with or without the geometry info appended to the initrd command in the pxe boot configuration. This post may be long abandoned, but in case its not, any ideas?
Thank you for publishing this easy manual.
Now I can demote the GhostUSBstick I used for years, and put the image on an E2B-stick.
With the new mkdosfs you need to specify “-M 0xF0” to identify it as a floppy so that it gets the address of “0x00” vs the default of “0x80” for HDDs. Here is the working part of my script without prechecks:
OLDIMAGE=$1 # Name of an existing dos image
NEWIMAGE=$2
SIZEMB=$3
MKDOSFS=/sbin/mkdosfs
((NUMSECT = (SIZEKB = SIZEMB << 10) </dev/null
# copy bootloader
dd if=$OLDIMAGE of=$NEWIMAGE bs=1 skip=62 seek=62 conv=notrunc count=450 2>/dev/null
# Copy contents from old image to new image
mount -o loop $NEWIMAGE $MNTNEW
mount -o loop $OLDIMAGE $MNTOLD
cp -r $MNTOLD/* $MNTNEW
umount $MNTNEW
umount $MNTOLD
rmdir $MNTNEW
rmdir $MNTOLD
# Print the details
echo “Your floppy image is in $NEWIMAGE. When using it in iso/pxelinux, dont forget to add”
echo “\”floppy c=$CYLINDERS s=$SECTORS h=$HEADS\” to the argument of memdisk”
Corrected:
OLDIMAGE=$1 # Name of an existing dos image
NEWIMAGE=$2
SIZEMB=$3
MKDOSFS=/sbin/mkdosfs
((NUMSECT = (SIZEKB = SIZEMB << 10) </dev/null
# copy bootloader
dd if=$OLDIMAGE of=$NEWIMAGE bs=1 skip=62 seek=62 conv=notrunc count=450 2>/dev/null
# Copy contents from old image to new image
mount -o loop $NEWIMAGE $MNTNEW
mount -o loop $OLDIMAGE $MNTOLD
cp -r $MNTOLD/* $MNTNEW
umount $MNTNEW
umount $MNTOLD
rmdir $MNTNEW
rmdir $MNTOLD
# Print the details
echo “Your floppy image is in $NEWIMAGE. When using it in iso/pxelinux, dont forget to add”
echo “\”floppy c=$CYLINDERS s=$SECTORS h=$HEADS\” to the argument of memdisk”
Sorry all, it wont post correctly
OLDIMAGE=$1 # Name of an existing dos image
NEWIMAGE=$2
SIZEMB=$3
MKDOSFS=/sbin/mkdosfs
((NUMSECT = (SIZEKB = SIZEMB << 10) </dev/null
# copy bootloader
dd if=$OLDIMAGE of=$NEWIMAGE bs=1 skip=62 seek=62 conv=notrunc count=450 2>/dev/null
# Copy contents from old image to new image
mount -o loop $NEWIMAGE $MNTNEW
mount -o loop $OLDIMAGE $MNTOLD
cp -r $MNTOLD/* $MNTNEW
umount $MNTNEW
umount $MNTOLD
rmdir $MNTNEW
rmdir $MNTOLD
# Print the details
echo “Your floppy image is in $NEWIMAGE. When using it in iso/pxelinux, dont forget to add”
echo “\”floppy c=$CYLINDERS s=$SECTORS h=$HEADS\” to the argument of memdisk”
oavgk
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